Class Notes

  Pandita Ramabai (1858–1922)—Social Reformer and Educationist Pandita Ramabai was born Rama Dongre in 1858 into a Marathi Brahmin family. She learned Sanskrit from her father , a scholar, and became a distinguished scholar herself. After losing her parents in the 1877 famine , she travelled across India, gaining fame for her knowledge. The University of Calcutta awarded her the title of ‘Pandita’ for her Sanskrit expertise and also called her ‘Saraswati’ for her deep understanding of texts. In 1880, she married Bipin Behari Medhvi , a Bengali lawyer, in a bold inter-caste civil marriage . After her husband’s death in 1882, she dedicated herself to women’s education and social reform. She started the Arya Mahila Samaj in Pune to educate women and fight against child marriage . She also gave evidence before the government commission on education , recommending women school inspectors and the inclusion of women in medical education, which inspired the Women’s Medical Movement by...

  How to Stitch a Button on Clothes Things you’ll need: Needle Thread (matching the fabric color) Scissors The button Steps: Thread the needle Cut about 40–50 cm of thread. Pass it through the needle and tie a knot at the end. Position the button Place the button exactly where it should be. If there are other buttons, use them as a guide to keep it in line. Start from the back Insert the needle from the inside of the cloth so the knot stays hidden. Pull it through one of the buttonholes. Sew through the holes If it’s a four-hole button : stitch diagonally (X shape) or in parallel (II shape). If it’s a two-hole button : stitch back and forth several times. Make a shank (for thick cloth) After stitching, pass the needle between the button and the cloth. Wrap the thread around the stitches 3–4 times to make a small “stem” (this gives space for the button to sit flat when fastened). Secure the thread Push the...

  🔹 Need for Rules in Society People live together in communities → disagreements arise. Rules help maintain order, peace, and harmony . Rules are followed in: Homes (family rules) Schools (student & teacher rules) Roads (traffic rules) Workplaces (employer–employee rules) Without rules, society cannot function properly. 🔹 Governance & Government Governance = Process of making decisions, organizing social life, and ensuring rules are followed. Government = Group/system of people responsible for making rules & laws. Laws = Important rules made by the government. Laws can be changed or updated as per people’s needs. Citizens also have a role in making/changing rules. 🔹 Three Organs of Government Legislature – Makes new laws, updates or removes old ones. (e.g., Parliament, State Assemblies) Examples: Making a law that plastic bags are banned to protect the environment. Deciding that students under 14 years c...

Questions to reflect on? What is the danger of making a celebrit y our hero? Why is being our personal best a better alternative? How will our goals help us be our personal best? Give your best all the time.  GOAL SETTING DIAGRAM (GSD) X (Now)  ⇨ Action Plans ⇨⇨  Y (Goal) ↔ When Make short-term and long-term goals.  Set your time. Work on it. Future Me Letters Write a letter to their “future self” describing their goals and what steps they will take. Wildly Important Goals (WIG) The most important goals that students focus on — the ones that really matter most right now and can make a big difference in their learning or growth. A WIG is a big, specific goal you want to achieve — not many goals, just one or two that are truly important. 🧭 Why it’s called Wildly Important : Because you can’t focus on everything at once — so you pick the few things that matter the most and give them your full effort and attention. 🌱 Personal Growth WIGs “I will manage my tim...