PASSIVE VOICE

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 PASSIVE VOICE

Passive voice is a grammatical structure where the subject receives the action rather than performing it.

In passive sentences, the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, not the doer (agent).

Active Voice: The chef cooked the meal.

Passive Voice: The meal was cooked by the chef.


The passive voice is formed with the verb be in appropriate tense and the past participle of the main verb. 




TensePassive BE formExample
Simple present                      am / is / areThe work is done.
Simple pastwas / wereThe food was served.
Futurewill/shall beThe report will be submitted.
Continuous tensesam/is/are/was/were beingThe room is being cleaned.
Perfect tenseshas/have/had beenThe homework has been completed.

Rules for Converting to Passive Voice 

  1. Identify the object in the active sentence:

    • Example: She writes a letter → Object = a letter.

  2. Make the object the subject:

    • A letter becomes the subject of the passive sentence.

  3. Use the correct form of "to be" based on the tense:

    • Match the tense of the original verb with the correct "be" form.

  4. Add the past participle of the main verb:

    • Example: writes → is written.

  5. Optionally include the doer (agent) with "by":

    • Example: A letter is written by her.


Present Simple Passive

Structure: Subject + is/am/are + past participle

Active: The teacher explains the lesson.
Passive: The lesson is explained by the teacher.

Active: They clean the room.
Passive: The room is cleaned by them.

Active: He plays the guitar.
Passive: The guitar is played by him.

Past Simple Passive

Structure: Subject + was/were + past participle

Active: The workers built the house.
Passive: The house was built by the workers.

Active: She painted the picture.
Passive: The picture was painted by her.

Active: The team won the match.
Passive: The match was won by the team.

Future Simple Passive

Structure: Subject + will be + past participle

Active: She will write the letter.
Passive: The letter will be written by her.

Active: They will finish the work.
Passive: The work will be finished by them.

Active: He will repair the car.
Passive: The car will be repaired by him.

Present Continuous Passive

Structure: Subject + is/am/are being + past participle

Active: They are building the house.
Passive: The house is being built by them.

Active: She is cooking the dinner.
Passive: The dinner is being cooked by her.

Active: He is writing the email.
Passive: The email is being written by him.

Past Continuous Passive

Structure: Subject + was/were being + past participle

Active: They were painting the walls.
Passive: The walls were being painted by them.

Active: She was cleaning the room.
Passive: The room was being cleaned by her.

Active: He was fixing the bike.
Passive: The bike was being fixed by him.

Present Perfect Passive

Structure: Subject + has/have been + past participle

Active: They have completed the project.
Passive: The project has been completed by them.

Active: She has written the report.
Passive: The report has been written by her.

Active: He has solved the problem.
Passive: The problem has been solved by him.

Past Perfect Passive

Structure: Subject + had been + past participle

Active: They had finished the task.
Passive: The task had been finished by them.

Active: She had read the book.
Passive: The book had been read by her.

Active: He had repaired the machine.
Passive: The machine had been repaired by him.

Future Perfect Passive

Structure: Subject + will have been + past participle

Active: They will have completed the assignment.
Passive: The assignment will have been completed by them.

Active: She will have written the letter.
Passive: The letter will have been written by her.

Active: He will have fixed the car.
Passive: The car will have been fixed by him.


Modals (Must be)

Structure (Passive): Subject + must be + past participle

Active: She must finish the task.
Passive: The task must be finished by her.

Active: They must clean the room.
Passive: The room must be cleaned by them.

Modal Perfect

Subject + modal verb (have/should/might) + have + been + past participle (in passive)

Active: She should have finished the report.
Passive: The report should have been finished by her.

Active: He could have solved the problem.
Passive: The problem could have been solved by him.


Active VoicePassive Voice
Do they clean the room?Is the room cleaned by them?
Does she write letters?Are letters written by her?
Do students solve the problems?Are the problems solved by the students?
Does he play the guitar?Is the guitar played by him?
Active VoicePassive Voice
Did they finish the work?     Was the work finished by them?
Did she call her friend?Was her friend called by her?
Did he repair the car?Was the car repaired by him?

1. Yes/No Questions (Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, etc.)

Active VoicePassive Voice
Is she reading the book?Is the book being read by her?
Has he completed the assignment?Has the assignment been completed by him?
Are they repairing the road?Is the road being repaired by them?
Was he watching the movie?Was the movie being watched by him?
Will they organize the meeting?Will the meeting be organized by them?

2. Wh- Questions

Active VoicePassive Voice
Who wrote this letter?By whom was this letter written?
What made that noise?By what was that noise made?
When will they announce the results?When will the results be announced by them?
Where is she sending the package?Where is the package being sent by her?
Why did he cancel the event?Why was the event cancelled by him?

3. Modal Verbs in Questions

Active VoicePassive Voice
Can they finish the work on time?Can the work be finished by them on time?
Should he submit the report today?Should the report be submitted by him today?
Might she solve the problem?Might the problem be solved by her?
Must they clean the hall?Must the hall be cleaned by them?
Could he open the door?Could the door be opened by him?



Practice Session.

Change the voice of the sentences

  1. They clean the windows.
  2. She is writing a story.
  3. He had completed the project.
  4. She will design the poster.
  5. The chef cooks the meal.
  6. They are going to fix the roof.
  7. She must finish the task.
  8. He should have solved the problem.
  9. They were delivering the packages.
  10. She has written the essay.
  11. They painted the house.
  12. He is going to arrange the books.
  13. She can solve the puzzle.
  14. They might have cleaned the room.
  15. The manager will sign the contract.
  16. He is cleaning the car.
  17. The team won the match.
  18. She was typing the report.
  19. They have completed the experiment.
  20. She will have baked the cake.
  21. He could repair the machine.
  22. They will decorate the hall.
  23.  Had she prepared the dinner?
  24. Is he planting the trees?
  25. She might have written the letter.
  26. The children are going to water the plants.
  27. They built the bridge.
  28. Did they build the bridge? 
  29. He will fix the door.
  30. She is reading a book.
  31. They should complete the assignment.

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