Education

 

 

Just as a parachute needs to be open to function properly and save a person, a mind needs to be open to new ideas, experiences, and perspectives to function effectively and foster growth and understanding.

New Words

Actually: really.

Example: I actually finished my homework before dinner.

Along with: together with

Example: She brought her tablet along with her laptop to the library.

Be up to: to be doing something or to be capable of something.

Example: What are you up to this afternoon?

Behave myself: To act in a polite or proper way.

Example: I promised my parents I would behave myself at the party.

Curiosity: A strong desire to know or learn something.

Example: Her curiosity about space led her to become an astronaut.

Enlarge: To make bigger or larger.

Example: The teacher asked us to enlarge the image so everyone could see it.

Get into trouble: to do something that causes problems

Example: If you break the rules, you might get into trouble.

Hacker: A person who accesses data on a computer without the owner's permission.

Example: The hacker was able to break into the school’s computer system.

Interrupt: to cause a distraction.

Example: It's rude to interrupt someone when they are talking.

Miss out on: To fail to participate in or take advantage of something.

Example: She didn't want to miss out on the fun at the carnival.

Characteristic traits of  Wes and Riana

Wes:

Curious – Wes is excited to explore the box and discover new things.

Impulsive – He acts quickly without thinking, like opening the box right away.

Playful – He enjoys fun and tries things like tapping the photo for fun.

Optimistic – He believes he will do well in his exams and stays hopeful.

Riana:

Responsible – Riana wants to be careful and asks for help from Grandpa.

Knowledgeable – She knows a lot and enjoys sharing what she learns.

Reflective – She thinks deeply about the past and imagines life long ago, appreciating the sense of community and personal interaction that she feels is missing from her own time.

Sentimental – She feels a strong emotional connection to her family's history.

What kind of a person was Wes? 

Wes is a curious, impulsive, playful, and optimistic young boy. He is eager to explore new things, often acts before thinking, enjoys fun and humour, and remains hopeful and motivated about his studies.

The difference between education in the past and present?

According to Grandpa, education in the past took place in physical schools where children learned together under the guidance of human teachers, often wearing uniforms and engaging in social activities and sports during breaks. This created a sense of community and personal interaction. In contrast, present-day education involves learning at home on digital Stations, monitored and scheduled by a Central Computer, with students learning alone and receiving notifications through wristbands. This modern system is more isolated and technology-driven, lacking the communal and interactive aspects of traditional education.

What is the value of traditional education according to the story?

According to the story, traditional education is valued for its social and emotional benefits. It provided a communal learning environment with physical schools, human teachers who could engage personally with students, and opportunities for social interaction and physical activities. This form of education fostered a sense of community, belonging, and more personalized, engaging learning experiences

Why did  Riana feel she had missed out on an amazing experience?

 Because the children in the photograph were wearing uniforms and appeared to be having fun learning together in a classroom with a real teacher. This was in contrast to Riana's own experience, where she learned alone on a Station and interacted mainly with robots.

 Education of the past 

Education of the Past

• Physical Schools – Children learned together in classrooms with desks and blackboards.

• Human Teachers – Teachers like Mr. Hobson taught lessons and joked with students.

• Social Interaction – Students played, laughed, and spent time together during breaks.

• Uniforms – Everyone wore the same uniform, making them feel equal and united.

• Paper Materials – Books and diaries were made of paper and used for learning.

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Education of the Future

• Learning Stations – Students learn alone at home using digital screens.

• Central Computer – A computer gives lessons and checks students’ progress.

• No Human Interaction – There are no teachers or classmates to talk or play with.

• Systematic Learning – Wristbands tell students when to study, making learning very controlled.

• Digital Materials – Everything is on screens; no paper books are used.

• Personal Dress Style – Students wear their own clothes, so there's no uniform or shared identity.

Participle form of a verb

• A participle is a word derived from a verb that can be used as an adjective or to form certain verb tenses. There are two types of participles: Present Participle and Past Participle
• The present participle is formed by adding -ing to the base form of the verb (e.g., talking, running, eating).
• The past participle is usually formed by adding -ed to the base form of regular verb.
• Irregular verbs have various past participle forms (e.g., eaten, gone, written).

Past Participle Form of Irregular Verbs

Eat - eaten

Drink - drunk

Go - gone

See - seen

Take - taken

Write - written

Break - broken

Speak - spoken

Give - given

Come - come

Become - become

Run - run

Know - known

Begin - begun

Choose - chosen

Fly - flown

Grow - grown

Hide - hidden

Sing - sung

Wake - woken

Wear - worn

Ring - rung

Rise - risen

Tense

• Tense is a form of the verb that allows you to express time. 
• The tense of the verb tells us when an event or something existed or when a person did something. 
• Past, present, and future are the three main types of tenses.

Present Tense

It shows an action that takes place at the present.

              Present Simple Tense:

                   Habitual actions, universal truth, future fixed actions

Habitual Action---I go to school everyday. 

Universal Truth---Our soul is immortal, The sun rises in the east.

Future fixed actions---The school holidays begin next week. 

1. They go for a walk every day in the morning.  [A habitual action] 
2. Two plus two  equals to four. [General truth] 
3. The Moon orbits the Earth. [Universal truth] 
4. Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. [Scientific fact] 
5. The Earth revolves around the Sun. [Universal truth] 

            Present Continuous Tense

Actions that are in progress at the present time.

I am writing at the moment.

He is going to the class.

They are working now.

Present Simple Tense ?                   Present Continuous Tense?

She goes to the gym every morning. 

I am working on a new project this week.

The store is opening its doors for the special sale event.

The teacher teaches math to the 7th grade. 

We live in New York.

The dog is barking at the mailman right now.

The teacher is teaching a difficult lesson today.

She writes articles for a magazine. 

He is travelling to Paris this weekend.

Present Perfect Tense

We use the present perfect simple (have/has + past participle) or present perfect continuous (have/has + been + -ing) to talk about an action of the past that has a link to the present.

I have finished my homework.

He has broken his arm.

She has just finished her homework.

I have eaten lunch.

They have arrived at the airport.

He has left the room.

We have seen the news.

She has been studying for two hours.

I have been working at this company since 2019.

They have been playing football all afternoon.

He has been watching TV since morning.

We have been waiting for the bus for 30 minutes.

Present Perfect Simple

Have/Has+Past Participle

1. We use present Perfect Simple Tense:

• to talk about actions or events that happened in the recent past that are relevant to the present. Here the focus is on the result of the action. 

I have just eaten breakfast, so I don't need anything. 

She has already finished her homework, so she can go out now.

We have seen that movie, so I am not interested to come. 

• Actions started in the past and continue to the present:

Wes has played the guitar since he was a kid. (Focus is on the skill or achievement.)

I have lived in the hostel for two years and now I am moving to a new hostel.  

They have known each other since they were children. (Focus is on their strong relationship)

• Actions that have happened a number of times up to the present:

I've already travelled to Europe three times.

He has read that book twice already.

They have watched that movie five times already. 

• Time periods that haven't ended yet:

I haven't finished my homework yet.

She has not called me back till now. 

They have not replied yet. 

Have you ever visited New York?

• With phrases like "the first time" or with superlatives:

This is the first time I've tried Samosa. 

That's the most beautiful sunset I've ever seen.

It's the worst traffic I've ever experienced.

The is best movie I have ever scene. 

• Time expressions typically used with present perfect: (always, already, ever, recently, today, this morning)

I've just finished reading this book.

Have you ever been to a concert?

She has always wanted to visit Australia.

We've been friends since kindergarten.

He hasn't eaten anything since breakfast.

Present Perfect Continuous

have/has  been +Verb -ing

Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used to emphasise that an action of the past is still continuing in the present:

            Example: I have been working all morning. (I started working this morning and I am still working now.)

    1. Actions that began in the past and are still going on:

I have been working on this project all morning.

She has been training for the marathon for six months.

We have been living in this apartment since 2015.

    2. Actions that began in the past and have just ended but are still relevant to the present:

He's out of breath because he has been running.

The kitchen is a mess because they have been cooking all day.

She looks exhausted because she has been working late these past few weeks.

We use Past Simple with specific time expressions in the past, such as: yesterday, last year, a month ago, etc.

We visited the museum yesterday.

She graduated from college last year.

I met him a month ago.

Tenses

Phrasal Verbs:

Look up: To find information in a book, on a computer, etc.

Example: I need to look up the meaning of this word in the dictionary.

Look out: To be careful; to watch out for something dangerous.

Example: Look out! There's a car coming.

Pick up: To lift something from a surface; to improve; to collect.

Example: Could you pick up the books from the floor, please?

Get together: To meet with someone, usually socially or for a specific purpose.

Example: Let's get together for coffee sometime next week.

Give up: To stop doing something; to surrender.

Example: He didn't give up until he found the solution to the problem.

Give out: To distribute; to hand out; to become exhausted.

Example: The teacher gave out the exam papers to the students.

Turn down: To reject an offer or proposal/To reduce the volume of a device.

Example: She turned down the volume on the radio/ Unfortunately, they turned down our job application.

Turn up: To increase in volume or intensity; to arrive unexpectedly.

Example: Can you turn up the heater? It's cold in here.

Keep up: To maintain the same pace or level; to stay informed about something.

Example: I need to keep up with my studies to pass the exam.

Keep on: To continue doing something.

Example: Please keep on working while I'm gone. 

Pick out: To choose; to select from a group.

Example: She picked out a dress for the party.

   

Sign in: To register one's presence, typically by signing a log or entering the details. 

Example: Please sign in at the reception desk when you arrive.

Sign up: To register or enrol for something.

Example: You can sign up for the newsletter on our website.